Mandatory Industrialization of Abyssal Polymetallic Nodule Mining

As global energy systems undergo mandatory decarbonization and electrification, terrestrial sources of critical battery metals—specifically Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Manganese (Mn)—are experiencing accelerating supply constraints. The depletion cycle of easily accessible land-based deposits, coupled with escalating regulatory demands regarding geopolitical stability and localized environmental impact, has rendered existing mining paradigms insufficient to meet the exponentially projected demand curve. Polymetallic nodules, concentrated mineral aggregates found across abyssal plains in international waters, represent a geometrically scalable alternative source for these materials. The industrialization of deep-sea mining is therefore documented as an inevitable infrastructural response required to maintain the global energy transition trajectory post-2035.